Last Friday, while working on a web application based on ASP.Net Core 2.1, I came across a scenario where I had to put some data into memory. While that's not a problem, the catch is that the data has to be unique for each HTTP Session. Consider it as keeping a key that is to be used across different views to display some information related to that particular session.

The only possible solution satisfying my needs was to keep the "key" in session. However, the last point in the code that has access to the key is a simple helper class and not an MVC Controller. And we had no intentions to expose the "key" to our controller. So, the question remains: how do we save the key in session without exposing it to the controller?

Sample Code
In the following code, we have a very basic MVC application with our HomeController. We also have a RequestHandler that takes care of all the background logic making our controller clean and light.

using HttpContextProject.Helpers; 
using HttpContextProject.Models; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 
using System.Diagnostics; 
 
namespace HttpContextProject.Controllers 
{ 
    public class HomeController : Controller 
    { 
        public IActionResult Index() 
        { 
            return View(); 
        } 
 
        public IActionResult About() 
        { 
            // handle the request and do something 
            var requestHandler = new RequestHandler(); 
            requestHandler.HandleAboutRequest(); 
 
            ViewData["Message"] = "This is our default message for About Page!"; 
            return View(); 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
 
namespace HttpContextProject.Helpers 
{ 
    public class RequestHandler 
    { 
        internal void HandleAboutRequest() 
        { 
            // do something here 
        } 
    } 
} 

As it can be seen in the above code, we are simply setting a message in the ViewData and rendering it on the view. Nothing fancy so far. Now, let's see how we can set our message in Http Session from RequestHandler and later access it inside the controller.

Using HttpContext in a Helper Class

With .Net Core 2.1 we can not access the HttpContext outside a controller, however, we can use the IHttpContextAccessor to access the current session outside a controller. In order to do so, we need to add the Session and HttpContextAccessor middle-ware to ConfigureServices method of our Startup class as shown in the code below,

using HttpContextProject.Helpers; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; 
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; 
 
namespace HttpContextProject 
{ 
    public class Startup 
    { 
        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) 
        { 
            Configuration = configuration; 
        }        
 
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
        { 
            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { 
                options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 
            }); 
            services.AddSession(); 
            services.AddSingleton<RequestHandler>(); 
            services.AddHttpContextAccessor(); 
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1); 
        } 
 
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 
        { 
            if (env.IsDevelopment()) { 
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); 
            } 
            else { 
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); 
            } 
            app.UseSession(); 
            app.UseMvc(routes => { 
                routes.MapRoute( 
                    name: "default", 
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 
            }); 
        } 
    } 
} 

The next thing we need to do is to add a dependency of IHttpContextAccessor in the RequestHandler. This allows us to access the HttpContext inside the request handler. After we have done required processing for the request, we can now set the message in session, using the Session.SetString(key, value) method. Please refer to the code below,

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; 
 
namespace HttpContextProject.Helpers 
{ 
    public class RequestHandler 
    { 
        IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor; 
        public RequestHandler(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor) 
        { 
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor; 
        } 
 
        internal void HandleAboutRequest() 
        { 
            // handle the request 
            var message = "The HttpContextAccessor seems to be working!!"; 
            _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Session.SetString("message", message); 
        } 
    } 
} 

Now, that we have our RequestHandler all set, it's time to make some changes in the HomeController. Currently, the "new" RequestHandler  is inside the action method, which is not a good practice. So, I will decouple the handler from the controller and rather inject it as a dependency in the constructor. Next thing we do is to set the message in ViewData from the session, as shown in the code below,

using HttpContextProject.Helpers; 
using HttpContextProject.Models; 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 
using System.Diagnostics; 
 
namespace HttpContextProject.Controllers 
{ 
    public class HomeController : Controller 
    { 
        private readonly RequestHandler _requestHandler; 
 
        public HomeController(RequestHandler requestHandler) 
        { 
            _requestHandler = requestHandler; 
        } 
 
        public IActionResult About() 
        { 
            _requestHandler.HandleAboutRequest(); 
            ViewData["Message"] = HttpContext.Session.GetStringValue("message"); 
            return View(); 
        } 
    } 
} 

Note that I'm using Sesseion.GetStringValue(key) which is an extension method that I have added to retrieve data from the session, however, it's not really required. You can simply use the Session.TryGetValue(key, value) as well.

In case you have not figured it out already, I must tell you that we need to register our RequestHandler in the ConfigureServices method of the Startup class so that the dependency for our controller can be resolved.

Summary
With the above changes in place, we can now access the HttpContext.Session inside our request handler and the same can be done for any other class as well. However, there is one thing that I don't like about this approach. For every single component where we need to access the session, we have to inject a dependency of IHttpContextAccessor.

While for one or two components it's not a problem, it can be very daunting if we have to do the same over and over again. There is a way to achieve the same accessibility without having to inject any dependency, but that's a story for another day and I will write about that in my next post.

This article demonstrates how to create charts in ASP.NET MVC using Chart.js and C#. This article starts with how to use Chart.js in your MVC project. After that, it demonstrates how to add charts to a View.

Using Chart.js in your ASP.NET MVC project (C#)

Chart.js is a JavaScript charting tool for web developers. The latest version can be downloaded from GitHub or can use CDN.

In this article, Chart.js CDN (v2.6.0) is used for demonstration purposes.
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/2.6.0/Chart.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> 

In the View (*.cshtml), add the Chart.js CDN along with jQuery CDN (recommended) in the head section if you haven’t mentioned those in layout pages.
@section head 
{ 
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/2.6.0/Chart.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> 
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script> 
} 

Adding chart to a View
In the following example, the <canvas> tag is used to hold the chart in View’s <body> section.
<div Style="font-family: Corbel; font-size: small ;text-align:center " class="row"> 
    <div  style="width:100%;height:100%"> 
            <canvas id="myChart" style="padding: 0;margin: auto;display: block; "> </canvas> 
    </div> 
</div> 

Now, in the Controller class, let’s add a method to return the data for the chart that we added in the View. In this example, we are using JSON format for the source data.
[HttpPost] 
public JsonResult NewChart() 
{ 
    List<object> iData = new List<object>(); 
    //Creating sample data 
    DataTable dt = new DataTable() ; 
    dt.Columns.Add("Employee",System.Type.GetType("System.String")); 
    dt.Columns.Add("Credit",System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")); 
 
    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); 
    dr["Employee"] = "Sam"; 
    dr["Credit"] = 123; 
    dt.Rows.Add(dr); 
 
    dr = dt.NewRow(); 
    dr["Employee"] = "Alex"; 
    dr["Credit"] = 456; 
    dt.Rows.Add(dr); 
 
    dr = dt.NewRow(); 
    dr["Employee"] = "Michael"; 
    dr["Credit"] = 587; 
    dt.Rows.Add(dr); 
    //Looping and extracting each DataColumn to List<Object> 
    foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns) 
    { 
        List<object> x = new List<object>(); 
        x = (from DataRow drr in dt.Rows select drr[dc.ColumnName]).ToList(); 
        iData.Add(x); 
    } 
    //Source data returned as JSON 
    return Json(iData, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); 
} 

The data from the source table is processed in such a way that each column in the result table is made to separate list. The first column is expected to have the X-axis data of the chart, whereas the consequent columns hold the data for Y-axis. (Chart.js expects the Axis labels in separate list. Please check the AJAX call section.)

The data for axises is combined to a single List<Object>, and returned from the method as JSON.

AJAX calls are used in the <script> section of View to call the method in Controller to get the chart data.
<script> 
    $.ajax({ 
        type: "POST", 
        url: "/Chart/NewChart", 
        contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", 
        dataType: "json", 
        success: function (chData) { 
        var aData = chData; 
        var aLabels = aData[0]; 
        var aDatasets1 = aData[1]; 
        var dataT = { 
            labels: aLabels, 
            datasets: [{ 
                label: "Test Data", 
                data: aDatasets1, 
                fill: false, 
                backgroundColor: ["rgba(54, 162, 235, 0.2)", "rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.2)", "rgba(255, 159, 64, 0.2)", "rgba(255, 205, 86, 0.2)", "rgba(75, 192, 192, 0.2)", "rgba(153, 102, 255, 0.2)", "rgba(201, 203, 207, 0.2)"], 
                borderColor: ["rgb(54, 162, 235)", "rgb(255, 99, 132)", "rgb(255, 159, 64)", "rgb(255, 205, 86)", "rgb(75, 192, 192)", "rgb(153, 102, 255)", "rgb(201, 203, 207)"], 
                borderWidth: 1 
                }] 
            }; 
        var ctx = $("#myChart").get(0).getContext("2d"); 
        var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx, { 
            type: 'bar', 
            data: dataT, 
            options: { 
                responsive: true, 
                title: { display: true, text: 'CHART.JS DEMO CHART' }, 
                legend: { position: 'bottom' }, 
                scales: { 
                xAxes: [{ gridLines: { display: false }, display: true, scaleLabel: { display: false, labelString: '' } }], 
                yAxes: [{ gridLines: { display: false }, display: true, scaleLabel: { display: false, labelString: '' }, ticks: { stepSize: 50, beginAtZero: true } }] 
            }, 
        } 
        }); 
    } 
}); 
</script> 

aData[0] has the data for X-Axis labels and aData[1] has the data for Y-Axis correspondingly.

As in the code, the AJAX call is made to the Controller method ’/Chart/NewChart’ where ‘Chart’ is the name of the Controller class and ‘NewChart’ is the method which returns the source data for the chart in JSON format.

AJAX call, when returned successfully, processes the returned JSON data.
The JSON data is processed to extract the labels and axis data for the chart preparation. The 2D context of the canvas ‘myChart’ is created using ‘getContext("2d")’ method, and then the context is used to create the chart object in ‘new Chart()’ method inside the script.

How to reuse parts of web pages using View Components in ASP.NET Core MVC.

Solution
In an empty project, update Startup class to add services and middleware for MVC.
public void ConfigureServices( 
IServiceCollection services) 
{ 
services.AddScoped<IAddressFormatter, AddressFormatter>(); 
services.AddMvc(); 
} 

public void Configure( 
IApplicationBuilder app, 
IHostingEnvironment env) 
{ 
app.UseMvc(routes => 
{ 
routes.MapRoute( 
    name: "default", 
    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 
}); 
} 

Add a Model to display in the View.
public class EmployeeViewModel 
{ 
public int Id { get; set; } 
public string Firstname { get; set; } 
public string Surname { get; set; } 
} 

Add a Controller with action method returning ViewResult.
public IActionResult Index() 
{ 
var model = new EmployeeViewModel 
{ 
   Id = 1, 
   Firstname = "James", 
   Surname = "Bond" 
}; 
return View(model); 
} 

Add a parent View named Index.cshtml.
@using Fiver.Mvc.ViewComponents.Models.Home 
@model EmployeeViewModel 

<div style="border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px"> 
<strong>Employee Details (view)</strong> 

<p>Id: @Model.Id</p> 
<p>Firstname: @Model.Firstname</p> 
<p>Surname: @Model.Surname</p> 

@await Component.InvokeAsync("Address", new { employeeId = Model.Id }) 
</div> 

@await Component.InvokeAsync("UserInfo") 

Add a View Component’s Model.

public class AddressViewModel 
{ 
public int EmployeeId { get; set; } 
public string Line1 { get; set; } 
public string Line2 { get; set; } 
public string Line3 { get; set; } 
public string FormattedValue { get; set; } 
} 

Add a View Component’s class.
[ViewComponent(Name = "Address")] 
public class AddressComponent : ViewComponent 
{ 
private readonly IAddressFormatter formatter; 

public AddressComponent(IAddressFormatter formatter) 
{ 
  this.formatter = formatter; 
} 

public async Task InvokeAsync(int employeeId) 
{ 
  var model = new AddressViewModel 
  { 
      EmployeeId = employeeId, 
      Line1 = "Secret Location", 
      Line2 = "London", 
      Line3 = "UK" 
  }; 
  model.FormattedValue =  
      this.formatter.Format(model.Line1, model.Line2, model.Line3); 
  return View(model); 
} 
} 

Add a View Component’s View named as Default.cshtml.
@using Fiver.Mvc.ViewComponents.Models.Home 
@model AddressViewModel 

<div style="border: 1px dashed red; margin: 5px"> 
<strong>Address Details (view component in Views/Home)</strong> 

<p>Employee: @Model.EmployeeId</p> 
<p>Line1: @Model.Line1</p> 
<p>Line2: @Model.Line2</p> 
<p>Line3: @Model.Line3</p> 
<p>Full Address: @Model.FormattedValue</p> 
</div>

Discussion
View Components are special type of Views rendered inside other Views. They are useful for reusing parts of a View or splitting a large View into smaller components. Unlike Partial Views, View Components do not rely on Controllers. They have their own class to implement the logic to build component’s model and Razor View page to display HTML/CSS.

I like to think of them as mini-controllers, although this is not strictly correct but helps conceptualize their usage. Unlike Controllers, they do not handle HTTP requests or have Controller lifecycle, which means they can’t rely on filters or model binding.

View Components can utilize dependency injection, which makes them powerful and testable.

Creating
There are a few ways to create View Components. I’ll discuss the most commonly used (and best in my view) option.
1. Create a class (anywhere in your project) and inherit from ViewComponent abstract class.

• Name of the class, by convention, ends with ViewComponent.

2. Create a method called InvokedAsync() that returns Task<IViewComponentResult>.

• This method can take any number of parameters, which will be passed when invoking the component (see Invoking section below).

3. Create Model e.g. via database etc.
4. Call IViewComponentResult by calling the View() method of base ViewComponent. You could pass your model to this method.

• Optionally you could specify the name of razor page (see Discovery section below).

The base ViewComponent class gives access to useful details (via properties) like HttpContext, RouteData, IUrlHelper, IPrincipal, and ViewData.

Invoking
View Components can be invoked by either,

1. Calling @await Component.InvokeAsync(component, parameters) from the razor view.
2. Returning ViewComponent(component, parameters) from a controller.

Here, “component” is a string value refereeing to the component class.
InvokeAsync() method can take any number of parameters and is passed using an anonymous object when invoking the View Component.

Below is an example of second option above. Notice that the second action method doesn’t work because the Razor page for the component is not under Controller’s Views folder,
public class ComponentsController : Controller 
{ 
public IActionResult UserInfo() 
{ 
 // works: this component's view is in Views/Shared 
 return ViewComponent("UserInfo"); 
} 

public IActionResult Address() 
{ 
 // doesn't works: this component's view is NOT in Views/ 
 return ViewComponent("Address", new { employeeId = 5 }); 
} 
}

Discovery
MVC will search for the razor page for View Component in the following sequence,
Views/[controller]/Components/[component]/[view].cshtml
Views/Shared/Components/[component]/[view].cshtml

Here matches either,
Name of the component class, minus the ViewComponent suffix if used.
Value specified in [ViewComponent] attribute applied to component class.

Also, [view] by default is Default.cshtml, however, it can be overwritten by returning a different name from the component class. Below the component returns a view named Info.cshtml,
public class UserInfoViewComponent : ViewComponent 
{ 
public async Task InvokeAsync() 
{ 
 var model = new UserInfoViewModel 
 { 
     Username = "[email protected]", 
     LastLogin = DateTime.Now.ToString() 
 }; 
 return View("info", model); 
} 
}

jQuery
You could access View Components via jQuery as well. To do so enable the use of Static Files in Startup,
public void Configure( 
IApplicationBuilder app, 
IHostingEnvironment env) 
{ 
app.UseStaticFiles(); 
app.UseMvc(routes => 
{ 
  routes.MapRoute( 
      name: "default", 
      template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 
}); 
} 

Add jQuery script file to wwwroot and use it in a page
<html> 
<head> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 
<title>ASP.NET Core View Components</title> 

<script src="~/js/jquery.min.js"></script> 

</head> 
<body> 
<div> 
<strong>ASP.NET Core View Components</strong> 

<input type="button" id="GetViewComponent" value="Get View Component" /> 

<div id="result"></div> 
</div> 
<script> 
$(function () { 
    $("#GetViewComponent").click(function () { 

        $.ajax({ 
            method: 'GET', 
            url: '@Url.Action("UserInfo", "Components")' 
        }).done(function (data, statusText, xhdr) { 
            $("#result").html(data); 
        }).fail(function (xhdr, statusText, errorText) { 
            $("#result").text(JSON.stringify(xhdr)); 
        }); 

    }); 
}); 
</script> 
</body> 
</html>

Produces and Consumes Attributes are newly introduced in MVC 6 (ASP.NET Core) to control the content negotiation.

What is Content Negotiation?
The process of picking the correct output format is known as Content Negotiation. Generally, Frameworks will accept two types of input/output formats those are JSON and XML. Nowadays, every framework by default accepts and returns in JSON format because of its advantages. If the user wants to control this default behavior, he should send an Accept Header with an appropriate format in GET or POST request from a client such that Framework will make sure to use the given format.

If a user doesn’t provide any Accept-Header, then the framework will decide which format it should use based on its settings. Some of the most popular browsers such as Chrome and Firefox will by default add Accept Header as application/xml and that is the reason when we call the web API from the browser will display the output in XML format if we don’t explicitly set the output format as JSON. Below are the sample requests generated from Chrome and IE where can observe the Accept Headers for these two browsers.

Chrome
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8

IE
GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*

If you want to see the output in JSON format, it's preferred to use any tools like fiddler, browser dev tools etc.
To control this and let the user be given full control of how to receive and sent the data format, Produces and Consumes Attribute is introduced in new ASP.NET MVC Core.

Produces Attribute
This attribute helps the user to inform the framework to generate and send the output result always in given content type as follows.
[Produces("application/json")]  

The above line is saying to the framework to use JSON as output format. This attribute can be decorated at controller level as well as Action level. Action level will be taken as the first priority if it is declared at both controller level as well as Action level.

Consumes Attribute
An Attribute helps the user to inform the framework to accept the input always in given content type as follows.
[Consumes("application/json")]  

The above line is saying to the framework to use JSON as input format. This attribute can be decorated at controller level as well as Action level. Action level will be taken as the first priority if it is declared at both controller level as well as Action level.

If you want to control it globally, you can set this while configuring MVC in ConfigureServices method as follows.
Configure<MvcOptions>(options =>  
   Filters.Add(newProducesAttribute(“application/json”))  
); 

jQuery AJAX method is a very powerful function for doing asynchronous operations from the Web pages. It helps to update parts of a Web page without reloading the whole page. This increases the Website's speed and reduces the load. It can be used with any Web technology like HTML, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, PHP, Ruby or any other. With jQuery AJAX method, you can create high performance features in our Website. Let me show you how to use this method in  ASP.NET MVC page.

ASP.NET MVC Page
To understand the working of jQuery AJAX, I will create a login feature in ASP.NET MVC page. The page will have 2 input controls to enter the username and the password. There will also be a button to submit the two values for checking from the database.
When the username and password are correct, the secured information of the user is shown, else the “wrong username and password” is shown.
The main attraction here is that I will use jQuery AJAX method to check the username and the password. There will be no page reloading during checking.
To start learning jQuery AJAX method, I would suggest you check – jQuery AJAX. Also, look for the syntax and the key-value pairs that can be passed to this method.

The Controller Code
Start with creating a “Controller” in your ASP.NET MVC Application. Now, add a C# function “GetSecuredData” into the controller.
[HttpPost] 
public string GetSecuredData(string userName, string password) 
{ 
    string securedInfo = ""; 
    if ((userName == "admin") && (password == "admin")) 
        securedInfo = "Hello admin, your secured information is ......."; 
    else 
        securedInfo = "Wrong username or password, please retry."; 
    return securedInfo; 
} 

The C# function given above will be called by jQuery AJAX method. As you can see, this function has 2 parameters, “username” and “password”. In these 2 parameters, it receives the username and the password values. It then checks them and shows the secured information, if they are the correct ones.

You can also change the code given above to include the database operation, where the username and the password are checked against the ones stored in the database.

The View code
Now, create a view for the Controller. This view will contain the two input controls for the username and password. There will be a button, which when clicked will call jQuery AJAX function.
<h3>Enter the Username and Password:</h3> 
(enter "admin" for both username and password) 
<input type="text" id="usernameInput" placeholder="Username" /> 
<input type="text" id="passwordInput" placeholder="Password" /> 
<button id="submit">Submit</button> 
<div id="dataDiv"></div> 
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.0/jquery.min.js"></script> 
<script> 
    $(document).ready(function () { 
        $("#submit").click(function (e) { 
            if ($("#usernameInput").val() == "") 
                alert("Username cannot be empty"); 
            else if ($("#passwordInput").val() == "") 
                alert("Password cannot be empty"); 
            else { 
                $.ajax({ 
                    type: "POST", 
                    url: "/Home/GetSecuredData", 
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", 
                    data: '{"userName":"' + $("#usernameInput").val() + '","password":"' + $("#passwordInput").val() + '"}', 
                    dataType: "html", 
                    success: function (result, status, xhr) { 
                        $("#dataDiv").html(result); 
                    }, 
                    error: function (xhr, status, error) { 
                        $("#dataDiv").html("Result: " + status + " " + error + " " + xhr.status + " " + xhr.statusText) 
                    } 
                }); 
            } 
            return false; 
        }); 
    }); 
</script> 

The button click event will call jQuery AJAX event. We pass the “controller name/function name” to the URL field. The jQuery AJAX event will call the C# function which gets the username and password values in its parameters.

Finally in the success function we will show the returned value from the C# function.

You may have read several articles on how to use log4net; however,  this article explains how you can use it without having to initialize several times. Log4Net is a framework for implementing logging mechanisms. It is an open source framework. Log4net provides a simple mechanism for logging information to a variety of sources. Information is logged via one or more loggers. These loggers are provided at the below levels of logging:

• Debug
• Information
• Warnings
• Error
• Fatal

Now let’s begin with implementation.

Add log4net Package
For this, you need to install log4net from NuGet Package Manager  to your ASP.NET MVC project as per the below screen.

Add Global.asax for loading log4net  configuration
Once installation is done, you need to add the below code in Application_Start() of  Global.asax
log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(); 

Add log4net in config file
Now open web.config and enter the following details.
<configSections> 
<section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net" /> 
</configSections> 

<log4net> 
<appender name="RollingFile" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender"> 
<file value="C:\Temp\nSightsLog.log" /> 
<appendToFile value="true" /> 
<maximumFileSize value="500KB" /> 
<maxSizeRollBackups value="2" /> 
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 
  <conversionPattern value="%date %level %logger - %message%newline" /> 
</layout> 
</appender> 
<root> 
<level value="All" /> 
<appender-ref ref="RollingFile" /> 
</root> 
</log4net> 

Implementing in specific file for accessing throughout application
Add a class Log.cs in the Utilities folder.
Now, in the constructor of this class, instantiate logs for monitoring and debugger loggers.
private Log() 
{ 
 monitoringLogger = LogManager.GetLogger("MonitoringLogger"); 
 debugLogger = LogManager.GetLogger("DebugLogger"); 
} 

Here, you need to create Debug(), Error(), Info(), Warn(), Fatal() methods which will call respective methods from Log4 net.

Below is a sample.

public class Log 
{ 
    private static readonly Log _instance = new Log(); 
    protected ILog monitoringLogger; 
    protected static ILog debugLogger; 

    private Log() 
    { 
        monitoringLogger = LogManager.GetLogger("MonitoringLogger"); 
        debugLogger = LogManager.GetLogger("DebugLogger"); 
    } 



    /// <summary> 
    /// Used to log Debug messages in an explicit Debug Logger 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    public static void Debug(string message) 
    { 
        debugLogger.Debug(message); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    /// <param name="exception">The exception to log, including its stack trace </param> 
    public static void Debug(string message, System.Exception exception) 
    { 
        debugLogger.Debug(message, exception); 
    } 


    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    public static void Info(string message) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Info(message); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    /// <param name="exception">The exception to log, including its stack trace </param> 
    public static void Info(string message, System.Exception exception) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Info(message, exception); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    public static void Warn(string message) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Warn(message); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    /// <param name="exception">The exception to log, including its stack trace </param> 
    public static void Warn(string message, System.Exception exception) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Warn(message, exception); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    public static void Error(string message) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Error(message); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    /// <param name="exception">The exception to log, including its stack trace </param> 
    public static void Error(string message, System.Exception exception) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Error(message, exception); 
    } 


    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    public static void Fatal(string message) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Fatal(message); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="message">The object message to log</param> 
    /// <param name="exception">The exception to log, including its stack trace </param> 
    public static void Fatal(string message, System.Exception exception) 
    { 
        _instance.monitoringLogger.Fatal(message, exception); 
    } 

     
} 

Now, you need to call the logger class that logs directly into your action method.

public ActionResult Login() 
  { 
      //This is for example , we need to remove this code later 
      Log.Info("Login-page started..."); 

      // Boolean msg = CheckSetupType(); 
      return View(); 
  }  

The goal is to use a database to store images and use MVC to call those images, using custom routes. The premises are,
The URL must be something like this: “imagebank/sample-file” or “imagebank/32403404303“.
The MVC Controller/Action will get the image by an ID “sample-file” or “32403404303” and find out on some cache and/or database to display the image. If it exists in cache, get from cache if not get from database. So in HTML, we can call the image like this.

    <img src="~/imagebank/sample-file" />   

If you want to use another URL, for instance “foo/sample-file”, you can change the image bank route name in web.config.
If you do not want to display the image and just download the file, use - “imagebank/sample-file/download“.

So, let's get started!

The image bank route configuration

App_Start\RouteConfig.cs
public class RouteConfig 
    { 
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) 
        { 
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); 
 
            routes.MapRoute( 
                name: "ImageBank", 
                url: GetImageBankRoute() + "/{fileId}/{action}", 
                defaults: new { controller = "ImageBank", action = "Index" } 
            ); 
 
            routes.MapRoute( 
                name: "Default", 
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", 
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } 
            ); 
        } 
 
        private static string GetImageBankRoute() 
        { 
            var key = "imagebank:routeName"; 
            var config = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.AllKeys.Contains(key) ? ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get(key) : ""; 
 
            return config ?? "imagebank"; 
        } 
    } 

The Image Bank Controller

Controllers\ImageBankController.cs 
public class ImageBankController : Controller 
    { 
        public ImageBankController() 
        { 
            Cache = new Cache(); 
            Repository = new Repository(); 
        } 
         
        public ActionResult Index(string fileId, bool download = false) 
        { 
            var defaultImageNotFound = "pixel.gif"; 
            var defaultImageNotFoundPath = $"~/content/img/{defaultImageNotFound}"; 
            var defaultImageContentType = "image/gif"; 
 
            var cacheKey = string.Format("imagebankfile_{0}", fileId); 
            Models.ImageFile model = null; 
 
            if (Cache.NotExists(cacheKey)) 
            { 
                model = Repository.GetFile(fileId); 
 
                if (model == null) 
                { 
                    if (download) 
                    { 
                        return File(Server.MapPath(defaultImageNotFoundPath), defaultImageContentType, defaultImageNotFound); 
                    } 
 
                    return File(Server.MapPath(defaultImageNotFoundPath), defaultImageContentType); 
                } 
                 
                Cache.Insert(cacheKey, "Default", model); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                model = Cache.Get(cacheKey) as Models.ImageFile; 
            } 
 
            if (download) 
            { 
                return File(model.Body, model.ContentType, string.Concat(fileId, model.Extension)); 
            } 
 
            return File(model.Body, model.ContentType); 
        } 
 
        public ActionResult Download(string fileId) 
        { 
            return Index(fileId, true); 
        } 
 
        private Repository Repository { get; set; } 
 
        private Cache Cache { get; set; } 
    } 

The above code has two actions - one for displaying the image and the other for downloading it.

The database repository

Repository.cs
public class Repository 
    { 
        public static Models.ImageFile GetFile(string fileId) 
        { 
            //Just an example, use you own data repository and/or database 
            SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ImageBankDatabase"].ConnectionString); 
 
            try 
            { 
                connection.Open(); 
                var sql = @"SELECT *  
                            FROM    dbo.ImageBankFile  
                            WHERE   FileId = @fileId  
                                    OR ISNULL(AliasId, FileId) = @fileId"; 
 
                var command = new SqlCommand(sql, connection); 
                command.Parameters.Add("@fileId", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = fileId; 
                command.CommandType = CommandType.Text; 
                var ada = new SqlDataAdapter(command); 
                var dts = new DataSet(); 
                ada.Fill(dts); 
 
                var model = new Models.ImageFile(); 
                model.Extension = dts.Tables[0].Rows[0]["Extension"] as string; 
                model.ContentType = dts.Tables[0].Rows[0]["ContentType"] as string; 
                model.Body = dts.Tables[0].Rows[0]["FileBody"] as byte[]; 
 
                return model; 
            } 
            catch  
            { 
 
            } 
            finally 
            { 
                if (connection != null) 
                { 
                    connection.Close(); 
                    connection.Dispose(); 
                    connection = null; 
                } 
            } 
 
            return null; 
        } 
    } 

The repository is very simple. This code is just for demonstration. You can implement your own code. 

The image bank model class

Models\ImageFile.cs
public class ImageFile 
    { 
        public byte[] Body { get; set; } 
 
        public string ContentType { get; set; } 
 
        public string Extension { get; set; } 
    }  

Create table script

USE [ImageBankDatabase] 
GO 
 
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[ImageBankFile]    Script Date: 11/16/2016 12:36:56 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 
 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 
GO 
 
SET ANSI_PADDING ON 
GO 
 
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ImageBankFile]( 
    [FileId] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL, 
    [AliasId] [nvarchar](100) NULL, 
    [FileBody] [varbinary](max) NULL, 
    [Extension] [nvarchar](5) NULL, 
    [ContentType] [nvarchar](50) NULL, 
 CONSTRAINT [PK_ImageBankFile] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED  
( 
    [FileId] ASC 
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY] 
) ON [PRIMARY] 
 
GO 
 
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 
GO  

The Cache provider class

Cache.cs

public class Cache 
    { 
        public Cache() 
        { 
            _config = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("system.web/caching/outputCacheSettings") as OutputCacheSettingsSection; 
        } 
         
        private OutputCacheSettingsSection _config; 
         
        private OutputCacheProfile GetProfile(string profile) 
        { 
            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(profile) ? _config.OutputCacheProfiles[profile] : new OutputCacheProfile("default"); 
        } 
         
        private object GetFromCache(string id) 
        { 
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) throw new NullReferenceException("id is null"); 
            if (System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache != null) 
            { 
                lock (this) 
                { 
                    return System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache[id]; 
                } 
            } 
 
            return null; 
        } 
         
        public Cache Insert(string id, string profile, object obj) 
        { 
            if (System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache != null) 
            { 
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) 
                { 
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("id", "id is null"); 
                } 
 
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(profile)) 
                { 
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("profile", string.Format("profile is null for id {0}", id)); 
                } 
 
                var objProfile = GetProfile(profile); 
                if (objProfile == null) 
                { 
                    throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("profile is null for id {0} and profile {1}", id, profile)); 
                } 
 
                lock (this) 
                { 
                    System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(id, obj, null, DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(objProfile.Duration), TimeSpan.Zero); 
                } 
            } 
 
            return this; 
        } 
         
        public bool NotExists(string id) 
        { 
            return GetFromCache(id) == null; 
        } 
         
        public Cache Remove(string id) 
        { 
            if (System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache != null) 
            { 
                lock (this) 
                { 
                    System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(id); 
                } 
            } 
 
            return this; 
        } 
         
        public object Get(string id) 
        { 
            return GetFromCache(id); 
        } 
    } 

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In this tutorial, i will show you how to make a Star Rating in MVC Using AngularUI. You may have seen in many websites, that they ask for feedback in the form of rating stars. No problem --  it very easy to implement. Just follow the below steps to create a StarRating system in your Web Application.

Implementing StarRating in MVC using AngularUI

Create a Web Application using the MVC template (Here, I am using Visual studio 2015).
It is better (Recommended) to implement an Application in Visual studio 2015 because VS2015 shows intelligence for Angular JS. This feature is not present in the previous versions.

And here is the final output:

1. Add Controller and View
Add a controller and name it (Here, I named it HomeController).
Create an Index Action method and add view to it.
Now, add the script ,given below, and reference file to an Index page.
    <script src="~/Scripts/angular.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/angular-animate.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/angular-ui/ui-bootstrap-tpls.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/app.js"></script><!--This is application script we wrote--> 
        <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 

2. Add Angular Script file
Now, create another script file for Angular code to implement StarRating in the Application.
Replace the Java Script file, with the code, given below:
    angular.module('ui.bootstrap.demo', ['ngAnimate', 'ui.bootstrap']); 
    angular.module('ui.bootstrap.demo').controller('RatingDemoCtrl', function ($scope) { 
        //These are properties of the Rating object 
        $scope.rate = 7;    //gets or sets the rating value 
        $scope.max = 10;    //displays number of icons(stars) to show in UI 
        $scope.isReadonly = false;  //prevents the user interaction if set to true. 
        $scope.hoveringOver = function (value) { 
            $scope.overStar = value; 
            $scope.percent = 100 * (value / $scope.max); 
        }; 
        //Below are the rating states 
        //These are array of objects defining properties for all icons.  
        //In default template below 'stateOn&stateOff' properties are used to specify icon's class. 
        $scope.ratingStates = [ 
          { stateOn: 'glyphicon-ok-sign', stateOff: 'glyphicon-ok-circle' }, 
          { stateOn: 'glyphicon-star', stateOff: 'glyphicon-star-empty' }, 
          { stateOn: 'glyphicon-heart', stateOff: 'glyphicon-ban-circle' }, 
          { stateOn: 'glyphicon-heart' }, 
          { stateOff: 'glyphicon-off' } 
        ]; 
    }); 

3. Create UI
Replace and add the code, given below, in the Index.cshtml page.
    @{ 
        Layout = null; 
    } 
    <h2>Star Rating in Angualr UI</h2> 
    <!doctype html> 
    <html ng-app="ui.bootstrap.demo"> 
    <head>    
        <title>www.mitechdev.com</title> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/angular.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/angular-animate.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/angular-ui/ui-bootstrap-tpls.js"></script> 
        <script src="~/Scripts/app.js"></script><!--This is application script we wrote--> 
        <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 
    </head> 
    <body style="margin-left:30px;"> 
        <div ng-controller="RatingDemoCtrl"> 
            <!--Angular element that shows rating images--> 
            <uib-rating ng-model="rate" max="max" 
                        read-only="isReadonly"  
                        on-hover="hoveringOver(value)" 
                        on-leave="overStar = null" 
                        titles="['one','two','three']"  
                        aria-labelledby="default-rating"> 
            </uib-rating> 
            <!--span element shows the percentage of select--> 
            <span class="label" ng-class="{'label-warning': percent<30, 'label-info': percent>=30 && percent<70, 'label-success': percent>=70}" 
                  ng-show="overStar && !isReadonly">{{percent}}%</span> 
            <!--This element shows rating selected,Hovering and IS hovering or not(true/false)--> 
            <pre style="margin:15px 0;width:400px;">Rate: <b>{{rate}}</b> - Readonly is: <i>{{isReadonly}}</i> - Hovering over: <b>{{overStar || "none"}}</b></pre> 
            <!--button clears all the values in above <pre> tag--> 
            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" ng-click="rate = 0" ng-disabled="isReadonly">Clear</button> 
            <!--this button toggles the selection of star rating--> 
            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default" ng-click="isReadonly = ! isReadonly">Toggle Readonly</button> 
            <hr /> 
            <div>Mitechdev.com Application-2016</div> 
        </div> 
    </body> 
    </html>

Here, we need to talk about some expressions used in <uib-rating> tag.

•     on-hover: This expression is called, when the user places the mouse at the particular icon. In the above code hoveringOver() is called.
•     on-leave: This expression is called when the user leaves the mouse at the particular icon.
•     titles: Using this expression, we can assign an array of the titles to each icon.

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In this post, I will explain you about using filters and attribute class in ASP.NET MVC. ASP.NET MVC provides an easy way to inject your piece of code or logic either before or after an action is executed. this will be achieved by using filters and attribute classes.

Types of Filters
The ASP.NET MVC framework provides five types of filters and executes in the same order as given below,

    Authentication filters
    Authorization filters
    Action filters
    Result filters
    Exception filters

Build an action method in HomeController and declare Attribute classes Above Action Method.
    public class HomeController: Controller 
     
    { 
        [CustomAuthorizationAttribute] 
        [CustomActionAttribute] 
        [CustomResultAttribute] 
        [CustomExceptionAttribute] 
     
        public ActionResult Index()  
        { 
     
            ViewBag.Message = "Index Action of Home controller is being called."; 
            return View(); 
        } 
    } 

Now, build a Filters Folder in your application and add the following attribute classes.

    CustomAuthorizationAttribute.cs
        public class CustomAuthorizationAttribute: FilterAttribute, IAuthorizationFilter 
         
        { 
            void IAuthorizationFilter.OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnAuthorization = "IAuthorizationFilter.OnAuthorization filter called"; 
            } 
        } 
    CustomActionAttribute.cs
        public class CustomActionAttribute: FilterAttribute, IActionFilter  
        { 
            void IActionFilter.OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnActionExecuting = "IActionFilter.OnActionExecuting filter called"; 
            } 
            void IActionFilter.OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnActionExecuted = "IActionFilter.OnActionExecuted filter called"; 
            } 
        }
    CustomResultAttribute.cs
        public class CustomResultAttribute: FilterAttribute, IResultFilter 
        { 
            void IResultFilter.OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnResultExecuting = "IResultFilter.OnResultExecuting filter called"; 
            } 
            void IResultFilter.OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnResultExecuted = "IResultFilter.OnResultExecuted filter called"; 
            } 
        } 
    CustomExceptionAttribute.cs
        public class CustomExceptionAttribute: FilterAttribute, IExceptionFilter  
        { 
            void IExceptionFilter.OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)  
            { 
                filterContext.Controller.ViewBag.OnException = "IExceptionFilter.OnException filter called"; 
            } 
        } 

View
Index.cshtml
    @{ 
    ViewBag.Title = "Index"; 
    } 
    <h2> 
    Index</h2> 
    <ul> 
    <li>@ViewBag.OnAuthorization</li> 
    <li>@ViewBag.OnActionExecuting</li> 
    <li>@ViewBag.OnActionExecuted</li> 
    <li>@ViewBag.OnResultExecuting</li> 
    <li>@ViewBag.OnResultExecuted</li> 
    <li>@ViewBag.Message</li> 
    </ul> 

The following image is the output:

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In this article, I will integrate and setup ELMAH to asp.net MVC project. I will finish whole article in 5 different steps. ELMAH stands for Error Logging Modules and Handlers providing application wide error logging facilities. ELMAH is pluggable and easy to implement without changing single line of code. ELMAH work as interceptor of unhandled dotnet exceptions, that display over yellow screen of death. As per Author you can dynamically add ELMAH on running asp.net application without recompile or re-deploy whole application.You can download ELMAH binaries from google code or if you are using nuget then visit ELMAH nuget page.

Install

The best way to install any module to Asp.net MVC project is to use Nuget package Console. You can visit ELMAH nuget page for get latest version command.

Configure

After installing ELMAH , it will automatically update Web.Config file. If it's not so you can add following code to Web.Config file.

<configuration>
<configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="elmah">
      <section name="security" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.SecuritySectionHandler, Elmah" />
      <section name="errorLog" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorLogSectionHandler, Elmah" />
      <section name="errorMail" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorMailSectionHandler, Elmah" />
      <section name="errorFilter" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterSectionHandler, Elmah" />
    </sectionGroup>
</configSections>

<system.web>   
    <httpModules>
      <add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" />
      <add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" />
      <add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" />
    </httpModules>
</system.web>

<system.webServer>
<modules>
      <add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
      <add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
      <add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
</modules>
</system.webServer>
<elmah>
    <security allowRemoteAccess="false" />
    <errorLog type="Elmah.SqlErrorLog, Elmah" connectionStringName="YourConnectionStringName" />
</elmah>
    <location path="elmah.axd" inheritInChildApplications="false">
    <system.web>
      <httpHandlers>
        <add verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" />
      </httpHandlers>
      <!--
      <authorization>
        <allow roles="admin" />
        <deny users="*" /> 
      </authorization>
      --> 
    </system.web>
    <system.webServer>
      <handlers>
        <add name="ELMAH" verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" preCondition="integratedMode" />
      </handlers>
    </system.webServer>
  </location>
</configuration>
Usage Now, It's time to use and test elmah for application. Generate exception in Home Controller
public ActionResult Index()
{
   throw new Exception("This is test Exception");
          
   return View();
}

after generating exception check your elmah like http://www.example.com/elmah.axd
Here is our output

Security

In addition ELMAH provides seamless security feature to prevent unauthorized access. Please read our next article to make your elmah secure.

Filtering

ELMAH identify and store exceptions in different category, you can make or edit ELMAH error screen with different filters which we will discuss in our next ELMAH series.

Notification

You can setup ELMAH email notification when any exception occurs. To unable notification option you must include below code

Add ErrorMail module
<httpModules>
    <add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah"/>
</httpModules>

Add SMTP Setting
<system.net>
    <mailSettings>
        <smtp deliveryMethod="network">
            <network host="..." port="25" userName="..." password="..." />
        </smtp>
    </mailSettings>
</system.net>
 
or
<elmah>
<errorMail from="..." to="..."  async="true" smtpServer="..." smtpPort="25" userName="..." password="..." />
</elmah>

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